Formwork is a formwork that shapes concrete members according to geometric dimensions. During construction, the accuracy of the shape, position and size of the structure and components should be ensured; It has sufficient strength, stiffness and stationarity; Easy to disassemble, reusable; Joint is strict, no leakage.
Formwork has little influence on the construction cost. In the usual industrial and civil buildings, the average value of 1m3 concrete requires 7.4m2 formwork, and the formwork cost accounts for about 34% of the concrete project cost. In the construction of concrete structure, selecting the proper formwork form, formwork structure and construction method plays a key role in speeding up the construction of concrete engineering and reducing the cost.
1. Template classification
According to the material: wood template, bamboo template, steel template, steel template, plastic template, cast aluminum alloy template, glass steel template, etc
According to the process: composite template, small template, sliding mold, climbing mold, permanent template, flying mold, mold shell, etc
The template system consists of a template board and a support. The template consists of a panel, a secondary rib and a main rib. There are different forms of support, trusses, tie rods and tension bolts building formwork manufacturers.
2. Template type
1. Composite template
A combination template is a tool-shaped template, which is composed of several plates, corner molds, brackets and connectors with a certain modulus. Assembly is agile, can be assembled into various sizes and geometric shapes, the universality is weak. It can adapt to the construction needs of beams, columns, plates, walls, foundations and other components of various buildings, and can also be assembled into small formwork, tunnel formwork, platform formwork and so on
1.1 Composite steel formwork
The steel formwork consists of a frame, a panel and a transverse rib. The panel is made of 2.3-2.5mm steel plate. The template types include plane template, negative Angle template, positive Angle template, and connection template. The connectors mainly include U-shaped clips, hook bolts, tension bolts and fasteners. The one-time investment of steel formwork is small, and it needs to be reused many times to obtain economic benefits. The labor intensity of workers is small, and it is difficult to restore and repair. The use of steel formwork has been gradually reduced.
2. Plastered bamboo adhesive template
Plastered bamboo adhesive formwork is a kind of formwork commonly used at present. There are two kinds of single-side coating plastic and double-side coating plastic, specification 2440-1220mm, thickness 10-12mm. Bamboo adhesive template structure is good, soft and hard, smooth surface, drilling and sawing, low temperature resistance, high temperature resistance. Can be used for cast-in-place fair-faced concrete.
3. Mold shell
It is a kind of tool formwork used for reinforced concrete dense ribbed floor. The multi-ribbed floor is composed of thin plate and small spacing rib, the difficulty of formwork assembly is small, and it is not national economy. According to the specification and size of the multi-ribbed floor, the mold shell required for plastic or fiberglass processing is used for one-time molding and multiple turnover.
4. Permanent template
Also known as one-time consumption formwork, that is, the cast-in-place concrete structure is not removed after pouring, and part of the formwork is superimposed with the cast-in-place structure to form a common stress component. The permanent formwork is divided into pressed steel plate and reinforced concrete sheet, which are mainly used for cast-in-place reinforced concrete building (house) panels. The permanent formwork simplifies the casting process, improves the working conditions, saves the demolishing labor, speeds up the project progress and improves the project quality.
5. Aluminum template
Aluminum formwork, the full name of aluminum alloy formwork system for construction. It is a new generation of formwork support system after bamboo formwork and steel formwork. The application of aluminum formwork system in the construction industry has improved the overall construction efficiency of the construction industry, including greatly saving a lot of construction materials and labor arrangements.
